Carol Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, Jacqueline E. Lapsley
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Insults for Tyre
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Insults for Tyre
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
Insults for Tyre The oracle concerning the city-state of Tyre on the northern Mediterranean coast is the final oracle concerning an individual nation, preceding four chapters that broaden concern to the nations in general…
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Moral Exhortation
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Moral Exhortation
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
Moral Exhortation Typically of Pauline letters, moral exhortation (paraenesis) follows theology. The authors have heard that some members are “idle/ disorderly” (atakt?s), not “busy” (ergazomenous), but “busybodies” (periergazomenous) (3:11)…
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Looking Forward to the Future
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Looking Forward to the Future
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
Looking Forward to the Future With the temple building having begun, chapter 2 turns to a series of promises for the community’s future, each punctuated by a date formula. In the first oracle (2:1–9), God tells leaders and people to take courage, because the newly founded temple …
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Success Dependent on Building the Temple
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Success Dependent on Building the Temple
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
Success Dependent on Building the Temple The all-male tone of Haggai is set by the book’s opening verse, which names six men: the Persian king, two Judean leaders, their fathers, and the prophet…
The Womens' Bible Commentary - “Why Do You Look On the Treacherous?”
The Womens' Bible Commentary - “Why Do You Look On the Treacherous?”
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
“Why Do You Look On the Treacherous?” The prophet bemoans the failure of his expectations, namely, that the sins of the nation’s leaders would be met by appropriate judgment and that God would judge the iniquities of Judah’s enemies as well…
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Greeting
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Greeting
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
Greeting The co-authors self-identify as Paul, Sylvanus (Silas), and Timothy. Co-authorship is typical of Pauline letters (1 Thess. 1:1; Phil. 1:1; 1 Cor. 1:1; 2 Cor. 1:1; Phlm. 1; cf. Col. 1:1), implying a collaborative ethos often overlooked by biblical scholarship with its emp…
The Womens' Bible Commentary - The Apocalyptic Visions
The Womens' Bible Commentary - The Apocalyptic Visions
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
The Apocalyptic Visions These chapters, which were written in the very different historical circumstances of the persecution of Jews by Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 167–164 BCE, present a correspondingly different critique of power…
The Womens' Bible Commentary - The Body
The Womens' Bible Commentary - The Body
by SPCK - Newsom, Ringe and Lapsley
The Body Presuming arguably that Onesimus was Philemon’s slave, Onesimus, like most ancient slaves, would have been enslaved through military conquest, being born to an enslaved mother, piracy, kidnapping, or infant exposure…
The Womens' Bible Commentary - Familial Imagery